Appendix B - Notes

Notes

1. Delaney Hall, “The Age of the Algorithm,” 99% Invisible Podcast, Episode 274, September 5, 2017, https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/the-age-of-the-algorithm/.

2. Mark and I chatted about these five trends in an in-person interview, but he touches on many of the same themes in Reappearing Church: The Hope for Renewal in the Rise of Our Post-Christian Culture (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2019).

3. David Kinnaman and Mark Matlock, Faith for Exiles: 5 Ways for a New Generation to Follow Jesus in Digital Babylon (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2019), 16.

4. Looking at Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Study, we can see that the 25 countries Barna sampled have generally high rates of internet connection and smart phone use. India and Indonesia fall to the bottom where only 25% and 30% (respectively) of adults either use the internet occasionally or have a smartphone. The United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Spain, Australia, Germany and South Korea all have the highest rates, each over 87% of the adult population; Jacob Poushter, Caldwell Bishop and Hanyu Chwe, “Social Media Use Continues to Rise in Developing Countries but Plateaus Across Developed Ones,” Pew Research Center, June 19, 2018, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2018/06/19/social-media-use-continues-to-rise-in-developing-countries-but-plateaus-across-developed-ones/; David Lazer, “The Rise of the Social Algorithm,” Science Magazine, vol. 348 iss. 6239 (June 5, 2015) http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.934.6292&rep=rep1&type=pdf; Aaron Smith, “Public Attitudes Toward Computer Algorithms,” Pew Research Center, November 16, 2018, https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/11/16/public-attitudes-toward-computer-algorithms/; A.J. Agrawal, “What Do Social Media Algorithms Mean for You?” Forbes, April 20, 2016, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ajagrawal/2016/04/20/what-do-social-media-algorithms-mean-for-you/#2bce6796a515.

5. Jonathan Vespa, “Most Popular Living Arrangement Is Living with Parents,” U.S. Census Bureau (blog), August 9, 2017, https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2017/08/young-adult-video.html; May Bulman, “Marriages Between Men and Women Hit Lowest Rate on Record,” The Independent, February 28, 2018, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/marriages-men-women-lowest-recordheterosexual-lgbt-ons-a8232751.html; Wendy Tuohy, “As Marriage Wanes and House Prices Rise, Young People Stay at Home,” The Sydney Morning Herald, May 14, 2019, https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/life-and-relationships/as-marriage-wanes-and-house-prices-rise-young-people-stay-at-home-20190513-p51mtt.html.

6. Barna Group, Gen Z: The Culture, Beliefs and Motivations Shaping the Next Generation, (Ventura, CA: Barna, 2018).

7. PayPal, “PayPal Global Freelancer Survey,” PayPal Stories (blog), March 1, 2018, https://www.paypal.com/stories/sea/paypal-global-freelancer-survey.

8. Jennifer Moss, “Helping Remote Workers Avoid Loneliness and Burnout,” Harvard Business Review, November 30, 2018, https://hbr.org/2018/11/helping-remote-workers-avoid-loneliness-and-burnout.

9. Jason Compton, “How the World’s Top 5 Nations in Education Handle Student Loan Debt,” SoFi (blog), February 17, 2017, https://www.sofi.com/blog/how-top-countries-university-education-handle-student-loan-debt-repayment/; Joseph Chamie, “Student Debt Rising Worldwide,” YaleGlobal Online, May 18, 2017, https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/student-debt-rising-worldwide.

10. Barna Group, Christians at Work, (Ventura, CA: Barna, 2018).

11. Barna Group, Households of Faith, (Ventura, CA: Barna, 2019).

12. Cheryl Doss et al., “The Role of Women in Agriculture,” The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division, March 2011, http://www.fao.org/3/am307e/am307e00.pdf.

13. Luca Ventura, “The World’s Richest and Poorest Countries 2019,” Global Finance, April 22, 2019, https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/worlds-richest-and-poorest-countries.

14. Deloitte. The Deloitte Global Millennial Survey 2019, 2019, https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/millennialsurvey.html.

15. Kashmira Gander, “Millennials Are the Most Anxious Generation, New Research Shows,” Newsweek, May 9, 2018, https://www.newsweek.com/millennials-most-anxious-generation-new-researchshows-917095.

16. Young Women’s Trust, “Young Women’s Trust report reveals a generation losing hope, as millions of young people struggle to make ends meet,” September 29, 2017, https://www.youngwomenstrust.org/what_we_do/media_centre/press_releases/673_ywt_report_reveals_a_generation_losing_hope.

17. Anne Helen Petersen, “How Millennials Became the Burnout Generation,” Buzzfeed News, January 5, 2019, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/annehelenpetersen/millennials-burnout-generationdebt-work.

18. Jean M. Twenge, “Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?” The Atlantic, September 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/.

19. Laura Greenstein, “The Mental Health Benefits of Religion & Spirituality,” National Association on Mental Illness (blog), December 21, 2016, https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/December-2016/The-Mental-Health-Benefits-of-Religion-Spiritual.

20. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, “Africa: Kenya, the World Factbook,” updated September 16, 2019, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html.

21. Bregtje Van der Haak and Richard Vijgen, “Atlas of Pentecostalism,” Pulitzer Center, December 27, 2013, https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/africa-nigeria-pentecostal-christians-holy-spirit-global-religioniconography-cartography-data-visualization.

22. Francis X. Rocca, Yelin Hong and Josh Ulick, “How the Catholic World Is Changing,” The Wall Street Journal, n.d., http://graphics.wsj.com/catholics-world/.

23. John Burger, “The Catholic Population in Europe Has Plummeted, Pew Finds,”Aleitia, January 14, 2019, https://aleteia.org/2019/01/14/the-catholic-population-in-europe-has-plummeted-pew-finds/; Lydia Saad, “Catholics’ Church Attendance Continues Downward Slide,” Gallup, April 9, 2018, https://news.gallup.com/poll/232226/church-attendance-among-catholics-resumes-downward-slide.aspx.

24. Eve Fairbanks, “Behold, the Millennial Nuns,” Huffpost, July 11, 2019, https://www.huffpost.com/highline/article/millennial-nuns/.

25. David Kinnaman and Mark Matlock, Faith for Exiles: 5 Ways for a New Generation to Follow Jesus in Digital Babylon (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2019) 26–27.

26. Deloitte, “Deloitte Research Reveals ‘a Generation Disrupted’: Growing up in a World of Accelerated Transformation Leaves Millennials and Gen Zs Feeling Unsettled About the Future,” news release, May 20, 2019, https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/about-deloitte/press-releases/deloitte-millennial-survey-research-reveals-gen-z-unsettled.html.

27. Anna Bahney, “What Millennials Really Want at Work,” CNN Money, December 29, 2017, https://money.cnn.com/2017/12/29/pf/millennials-work.

28. Faith Survey, “Christianity in the UK,” Faith Survey, https://faithsurvey.co.uk/uk-christianity.html.

29. Barna Group, The State of Pastors (Ventura, CA: Barna Group, 2017).

30. I’ve been influenced by Mark Sayers and Edwin Friedman when it comes to these characteristics.